[^1]: https://signalvnoise.com/posts/2861-how-nature-and-naivet-helped-paul-maccready-build-a-human-powered-airplane-in-only-six-months [^2]: NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler proposed in 1978 a scenario in which the density of objects in low Earth orbit (LEO) due to space pollution is high enough that collisions between objects could cause a cascade in which each collision generates space debris that increases the likelihood of further collisions. [^3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen\_emissions\_scandal [^4]: https://www.themarysue.com/ibm-black-team/ [^5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise\_resource\_planning [^6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product\_lifecycle [^7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material\_requirements\_planning [^8]: https://www.cio.com/article/2429865/enterprise-resource-planning-10-famous-erp-disasters-dustups-and-disappointments.html [^9]: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam%27s_razor> [^10]: https://youtu.be/RXJKdh1KZ0w?si=fJW-\_8-dd5vSH-S9 [^11]: This is known as the OSI model [^12]: The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is inversely proportional to its frequency, meaning as frequency increases, wavelength decreases, according to the relationship $c\ = \ \lambda f$, where $c$ is the speed of light, $\lambda$ is the wavelength, and $f$ is the frequency. [^13]: In more physical terms, the divergence represents how much a vector field like the electric field is spreading out or converging at a given point in space. In a sense, the divergence marks the presence of sinks or sources in said vector field. [^14]: The curl operator $\text{(}\nabla \times \text{)}$ measures the tendency of a vector field to rotate around a point. [^15]: Jitter is a complex topic in digital communications, and there are different types of jitter present in digital signals. See chapter 2 in "*High Speed Digital Design of High Speed Interconnects and Signaling*" by Hanqiao Zhang, Steven Krooswyk and Jeff Ou (Elsevier). [^16]: An application note from TDA Systems explains the measurement procedure: https://download.tek.com/document/DIEC-0502-01.pdf [^17]: One exception being are saturated ferrites. [^18]: The unit interval is the time slot allocated for one bit of information in a serial data transmission. [^19]: https://api.pim.na.industrial.panasonic.com/file\_stream/main/fileversion/244767 [^20]: https://www.signalintegrityjournal.com/articles/1771-a-simple-demonstration-of-where-return-current-flows [^21]: Note there are no links available to this publication, to the best of my knowledge [^22]: Root Mean Square (RMS) is a statistical measure used in various fields, including mathematics, physics, electrical engineering, and signal processing which is particularly useful when handling alternating quantities; the RMS value provides a way to quantify these alternating quantities in terms of an equivalent steady value that would produce the same effect. [^23]: https://www.edn.com/how-much-common-current-is-too-much-rule-of-thumb-31/ [^24]: http://smbus.org/ [^25]: https://pmbus.org/ [^26]: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/aemDocuments/documents/VOP/ApplicationNotes/ApplicationNotes/Signal+Types+and+Terminations.pdf [^68]: https://fentiss.com/products/hypervisor/ [^69]: https://indico.esa.int/event/225/contributions/4307/attachments/3343/4403/OBDP2019-S02-05-GMV\_Gomes\_AIR\_Hypervisor\_using\_RTEMS\_SMP.pdf [^70]: https://www.sysgo.com/products/pikeos-hypervisor/ [^71]: Link to the source code of sin(): https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/s\_sin.c;hb=HEAD\#l281 [^72]: Patterson, David A. 2004. \"Latency Lags Bandwidth.\" Communications of the ACM 47(10), pp. 71--75. [^73]: https://resources.altium.com/p/fr4 [^74]: Note that in the context of electronics design, OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) refers to bare boards sold "as is" to be integrated into bigger designs. [^75]: A development kit (or dev kit) is a generic board made by the chip manufacturer whose main goal is to provide the user with familiarity with the device and easy access to its resources. [^76]: These are specified in a set of standards such as IEC 60617 and [^77]: https://www.fedevel.com/courses [^78]: https://docs.xilinx.com/r/en-US/ug583-ultrascale-pcb-design/UltraScale-Architecture-PCB-Design-User-Guide [^79]: https://community.nxp.com/pwmxy87654/attachments/pwmxy87654/qoriq-grl/9543/1/High\_speed\_interfaces\_layout\_spraar7f.pdf [^80]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/programmable/support-resources/design-guidance/board-developer.html [^81]: https://www.te.com/commerce/DocumentDelivery/DDEController?Action=srchrtrv&DocNm=2352031-1\_multigig-rt3&DocType=DS&DocLang=EN [^82]: https://www.picmg.org/openstandards/compactpci-serial/ [^83]: PICMG, or PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group, is a consortium of over 140 companies founded in 1994. The group was originally formed to adapt PCI technology for use in high-performance telecommunications, military, and industrial computing applications, but its work has grown to include newer technologies. PICMG is distinct from the similarly named and adjacently focused PCI Special Interest Group (PCI-SIG). PICMG currently focuses on developing and implementing specifications and guidelines for open standards--based computer architectures from a wide variety of interconnects. [^84]: SOSA PICs are based on OpenVPX (see section 3.6.3.1). ANSI/VITA standards use the term "plug-in module" instead of PIC. [^102]: "On-chip" RAM here means either FPGA RAM blocks or any other SRAM subsystem integrated on the chip. Suppliers must clarify if the technique includes both detection \*and\* correction, and up to what number of bits per word. [^115]: In control theory, a bang-bang controller (also called an on-off controller), is a feedback controller that switches abruptly between two states. [^116]: The word 'verification' is more general than 'test'. According to the bibliography, there are several ways of verifying things, and testing is just one of them.